小麦蠕孢菌叶枯病(HLB)病原的研究概况

对蠕孢菌的病原分类历史、病原的致病变异以及其寄主范围进行了全面的叙述,为进一步研究提供参考。     

履带式收割机全田块路径跟踪算法设计与试验

针对中小型传统收割机无人化作业需求，该研究设计了一套后装式全田块自动驾驶系统。以沃得锐龙单边制动转向型履带式收割机为平台，搭建手自兼容自动驾驶系统，并进行系统特性辨识试验，明确其测控性能限制。针对测控性能限制设计一种PD-Fuzzy-BangBang组合路径跟踪算法，并进行样机集成与试验。水泥地面直线行驶试验表明，组合算法相较单一PD算法的上线距离缩短57.3%，稳态标准差缩小81.3%。全田块模拟试验证明，组合算法在理想条件下的路径跟踪最大偏差为6.00 cm，标准差为2.42 cm，样机具备全田块自动驾驶功能。实际水田收割作业试验证明，样机在车速0.7 m/s条件下，上线过程的路径跟踪最大偏差为12.00 cm，标准差为 6.18 cm，全田块不漏割，割幅利用率大于80%，满足田间作业需求。     

Phototropic Leaflet Reorientation in Alfalfa Germplasm Selected for Leaf Color and Size

Solar tracking has been described in several agronomic and wild species, yet variation within a given species has not been reported. To address that issue, photoperiod leaflet reorientation in response to vectorial light was measured in three alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) germplasm pools selected from the cultivar Ladak 65. Dark-leaf germplasm responded to all photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) (100 to 700 μmol/m²/s) with no detectable lag period. Following a 24-h dark treatment only high PPFD (600 to 700μmol/m²/s) elicited reorientation. Pale-leaf germplasm responded to intermediate (300 to 400 μmol/m²/s) and high PPFD in a similar manner; however, the low (100-125μmol/m²/s) PPFD treatment had little effect on reorientation. The 24-h dark treatment decreased reorientation at all PPFD. Small-leaf germplasm responded equally to all PPFD and was not affected by the 24-h dark treatment. The results suggest that available energy levels may influence the reorientation response. Carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone, an inhibitor of photophosphorylation, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, an inhibitor of non-cyclic photosynthetic electron transport, reduced reorientation only in the pale-leaf type. These results suggest that stored energy reserves were adequate to maintain leaflet reorientation in the absence of photosynthesis in all but the pale-leaf germplasm. In that germplasm photosynthetically generated energy may be required to support reorientation.     

病原检测基因芯片应用及在水产病害检测的前景

基因芯片技术是近年来迅速发展起来的一项新技术,已成为国内外研究的热点。作为生物芯片技术发展中最完备的一个分支,基因芯片以其高通量、高灵敏性、高特异性的特点,在细菌、病毒、真菌等病原检测和鉴定方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文介绍了基因芯片的原理和作为检测手段的优越性,并综述了基因芯片技术在细菌和病毒检测方面的应用,分析了现有水产动物病原检测技术,提出了在现有水产动物病原生物信息学的基础上,研发水产养殖动物病害诊断基因芯片的策略。     

Molecular evidence for the lack of transmission of the monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea) and isopod Ceratothoa oestroides (Crustacea, Cymothoidae) between wild bogue (Boops boops) and cage-reared sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

In the Mediterranean area, wild fish have often been suggested as either the reservoirs of the causative agents or at least the carriers of the pathogens responsible for disease outbreaks in cultured fish. However, no epidemiological investigations on actual pathogen/disease interactions between farmed and wild fish have been conducted even for the most important fish pathogens. Only sporadic isolations and identifications of various pathogens in wild fish have been done and real associations with the pathological conditions that exist within the farm environment and vice versa have not been established. Monogenean ectoparasite Sparicotyle chrysophrii and isopod Ceratothoa oestroides are commonly found in the Mediterranean cage-reared sea bream and sea bass and in the surrounding wild fish population. Both species were recognized as pathogens that seasonally inflict serious losses in fingerlings and juveniles of sea bream and sea bass, being potentially propagated and exchanged during wild and caged fish interaction. In order to evaluate the degree of pathogens transfer between wild and farmed fish, we investigated genetic population structures of these two important parasitic pathogens inferred by mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I locus. Parasites isolated from wild and farmed fish on the two most productive Adriatic fish farms showed genetic heterogeneity, contradicting widely accepted hypothesis of cross-contamination, at least in case of S. chrysophrii and C. oestroides. As far as we know, this is the first report that in a study of pathogen transfer molecular evidence was employed to asses the genetic population structure of shared parasites.     

雏鸡沙门氏菌病的病原分离与鉴定

邯郸地区某县养殖场于2008年2月引进一批海兰白雏鸡共6500只,4日龄时部分雏鸡开始发病,6日龄时开始死亡,7d内共死亡1248只,死亡率达19.2%。剖检不同日龄死雏21只,活病雏13只,死雏呈现严重败血症病变,活雏心肌、肝、肺、肌胃等脏器出现黄白色或大小不等的灰白色坏死灶。取其卵黄、肝、脾、心血等病料进行病原分离培养,从获得的153个菌落中挑选可疑菌落27个,经细菌学鉴定,确认17株为鸡白痢沙门氏菌,抗原式为1,9,12∶-∶-,10株为德尔卑沙门氏菌(S.derby),抗原式为1,4,12∶f,g∶-。     

蒜薹采后致病菌种类及侵染规律研究

以金乡蒜薹和苍山蒜薹为试材,研究蒜薹采后病原菌种类、侵染和发病规律。结果表明:导致蒜薹采后贮藏过程中腐烂的病原真菌分为9个属14个种,其中主要是交链格孢属(Alternaria)占28.5%,并且,交链格孢属中,链格孢霉(A.alternate(Fr.)Keissler)最多,占17.9%;其次是葱紫斑交链孢霉(A.porri(Elliott)Cif.),占6.6%,侵染链格孢霉(A.infectoriaSimmons)占4.0%;葡萄孢属(Botrytis),占17.0%,主要是葱鳞葡萄孢霉(B.squamosaWalker)和葱腐葡萄孢霉(B.alliiMunn),占15.6%,灰葡萄孢霉(B.cinereaPers)仅为1.4%;而青霉属(Penicillium)、匐柄霉属(Stemphylium)、镰孢属(Fusarium)、芽枝霉属(Cladosporium)、腐霉属(Pythium)、疫霉属(Phytophthora)和聚端孢霉属(Trichothecium)依次占15.7%、12.6%、7.8%、6.5%、4.9%、3.8%和3.3%。其发病规律是:除青霉属外,其它12种病原菌初期主要侵染蒜薹的薹梢部位,之后再逐渐向薹梗、薹基部位蔓延。     

黄瓜根腐病致病病原的鉴定

在天津市及周边地区采集病株进行组织分离，同时分离到两类病原菌，经初步的生物学特性鉴定表明，引起黄瓜根腐病的主要病原菌为甜瓜疫霉、尖孢镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌。经接种试验，认为甜瓜疫霉为主要致病菌。     

一种非刚性运动目标图像跟踪的改进算法

针对玉米秸秆粉碎后抛撒运动的特点，提出一种改进的变形模板跟踪算法实现非刚性目标的运动跟踪，在两个方面对原有的算法进行了改进：1)选择适当的预测方法，减少遮挡物体对研究目标的影响。2)通过选择适当的特征区域把运动目标限制在局部区域，而不是对整帧图像进行处理。试验证明了该算法在目标跟踪的实现效率、精确性方面有一定的优势。     

基于DM642的高地隙小车的田间路径识别导航系统

为了实现智能小车在各种不同的路径下稳定高效的进行图像导航,该文以自主设计了满足于设施农业用的四轮独立驱动的高地隙小车作为平台,采用TI公司的TMS320DM642高性能数字多媒体处理器为核心处理器,建立了识别路径的视觉检测系统,实现了对多种路径标识的实时采集和图像显示,提出了用于实际路径检测的图像处理的改进算法,包括利用2G-R-B颜色特征识别绿色植物、中心线法提取路径、双折线拟合的Hough变换提取路径、多折线拟合的Hough变换提取路径等,以实现小车的自主导航。试验结果表明所开发的路径识别与跟踪控制系统能对不同颜色的标识线、绿色植物与裸露地面的分界线等一系列路径进行识别和导航控制,系统适应性好、抗干扰能力强,稳定性高、实时性好,满足无人控制的农田作业需求,节省劳动力,提高生产效率。该研究可为应用于田间作业的高地隙小车的路径识别与跟踪控制系统设计提供参考。